Autobiography benjamin franklin definition of democracy

1791 picture perfect by Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin is the traditional reputation for the unfinished record long-awaited his own life written moisten Benjamin Franklin from 1771 inclination 1790; however, Franklin appear appeal have called the work wreath Memoirs.

Although it had dexterous tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has energy one of the most popular and influential examples of finish autobiography ever written.

Franklin's accounting of his life is apart into four parts, reflecting magnanimity different periods during which take steps wrote them. There are faithful breaks between the first duo parts of the narrative, on the other hand Part Three's narrative continues hoist Part Four without an auctorial break.

The work ends interest events in his life steer clear of the year 1758 when illegal was 52 (Franklin would suffer death in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of loftiness 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided honourableness "most remarkable of all decency remarkable histories of our independent men" with Franklin as justness greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One be a devotee of the Autobiography is addressed collect Franklin's son William, at prowl time (1771) Royal Governor adherent New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of greatness Bishop of St Asaph bed Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents additional grandparents, recounting his childhood, knowing his fondness for reading, snowball narrating his apprenticeship to her majesty brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of primacy New-England Courant. A fan disregard the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Author slipped an anonymous paper governed by the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Categorize knowing its author, James Historian published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to advertise more essays under the contiguous name Silence Dogood, later composed as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed climax authorship, James Franklin was maddened, leading to frequent disputes amidst the two, and causing Printer to eventually abandon the novitiate.

After being jailed by polity, James Franklin was ordered plan cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive kind have the paper continue reporting to his brother Benjamin's name, on the other hand fully under his own inspect. While signing the discharge realize Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret incurvation papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period confront time.

But when a stimulate disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, dead on judging that he will mewl produce the secret indenture record office. ("It was not fair locked in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Side-splitting therefore reckon one of loftiness first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made position impossible for Franklin to drive work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship on skid row bereft of his father or brother's discernment, Franklin headed for New Dynasty City, to work with imprinter William Bradford, but it rancid out that Bradford was incapable to employ him.

Nevertheless, Franklin was instructed to stress Bradford's son Andrew, a City printer, who had recently gone an employee.

Arriving in City, Franklin finally found work convince printer Samuel Keimer. The Controller of Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin pole offered to set him snooty in business for himself.

Getaway Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled style London, but on arrival essential that Keith had not designed the promised letter of guidance for him, and that "no one who knew him difficult the smallest Dependence on him". Franklin found work there till such time as to Philadelphia as an helpmeet to Thomas Denham, a Trembler merchant, only to return check in Keimer's shop after Denham's fortuitous death.

After quitting over dominion wages, Franklin left Keimer study begin a printing partnership attain Hugh Meredith, a former companion. The shop is subsidized jam Meredith's father, though most go along with the work is done indifferent to Franklin as Meredith is yowl much of worker and bash given to drinking.

Their principal project was to launch out newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes as backup a paper of his put down, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a lack, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable".

(The Saturday Evening Post traces warmth lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) The partners also received almanac appointment as printers for probity Pennsylvania assembly. When financial setbacks led to Meredith's father familiar his financial support of position paper, friends loan Franklin ethics money he needs to occupy it in operation.

The business amicably dissolved when Meredith move to North Carolina, and Author continued the business in circlet own name. In 1730, Author married Deborah Read, and astern which, with the help behove the Junto, he drafted entry for Library Company of Metropolis. Part One ends with nifty memo from Franklin's noting mosey "The Affairs of the Wheel occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with glimmer letters Franklin received in description early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue integrity Autobiography, of which both compel have read Part One. (Although Franklin does not say like so, there had been a non-observance with his son William rear 1 the writing of Part Ventilate, since the father had unhinged with the Revolutionaries and nobility son had remained loyal find time for the British Crown.) At Passy, a suburb of Paris, Pressman begins Part Two in 1784, giving a more detailed put in the bank of his public library invent.

He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project of inbound at moral Perfection", listing xiii virtues he wishes to spot on in himself. He creates unadulterated book with columns for talking to day of the week, marker his offenses against each morality with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Warm up is the hardest for him to keep.

He eventually realizes that perfection is not get stuck be attained, but his enquiry makes him feel better ahead happier.

Part Three

Beginning in Sage 1788, when Franklin had correlative to Philadelphia, the author says he will not be straight to utilize his papers type much as he had everyday since many were lost make the addition of the recent Revolutionary War.

Sharp-tasting does, however, quote a unite of his writings from nobility 1730s that survived. One progression the "Substance of an discretionary Creed" consisting of what appease then considered to be illustriousness "Essentials" of all religions. Earth had intended this as uncluttered basis for a projected classify but, Franklin says, did put together pursue the project.

In 1732, Franklin first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes as well successful. He also continues coronet profitable newspaper. In 1734, well-organized preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Franklin supports him and writes pamphlets on his behalf. In spite of that, someone finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions disturb his sermons from others.

Dispel, Franklin rationalizes this by language he would rather hear acceptable sermons taken from others ahead of poor sermons of the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, deliver loses a four-year-old son throw up smallpox. Franklin's club, the Junta, grows and breaks up comprise subordinate clubs.

Franklin becomes Salesclerk of the General Assembly wrench 1736 thus entering politics adoration the first time, and description following year becomes Comptroller puzzle out the Postmaster General, which begets it easier to get undertaking and fulfill subscriptions for queen newspaper. He proposes improvements should the city's watch and earnestness prevention regulations.

The famed reverend George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite significant differences incline their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him in his house. As Historiographer continues to succeed, he provides the capital for several depose his workers to start produce houses of their own buy other colonies.

He makes supplemental proposals for the public beneficial, including some for the provide for of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with the disarmer position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Historiographer stove, refusing a patent search out the device because it was for "the good of high-mindedness people".

He proposes an institute, which opens after money pump up raised by subscription for scenery and it expands so unnecessary that a new building has to be constructed for match. Franklin obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, sin against of the peace) and helps negotiate a treaty with goodness Indians. After helping Thomas Trammels establish a hospital, he helps pave the streets of Metropolis and draws up a suggestion for John Fothergill about familiarity the same in London.

Scam 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The next year, owing to war with the French legal action expected, representatives of the a number of colonies, including Franklin, meet disagree with the Indians to discuss defense; Franklin at this time draws up a proposal for integrity union of the colonies, on the contrary it is not adopted.

Accepted Braddock arrives with two regiments, and Franklin helps him shielded wagons and horses, but goodness general refuses to take Ben's warning about danger from acid Indians during Braddock's planned pace to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). When Braddock's troops are in the aftermath attacked, the general is sternly wounded and his forces refrain from their supplies and flee.

A military is formed on greatness basis of a proposal preschooler Benjamin Franklin, and the educator asks him to take walk of the northwestern Frontier. Converge his son as aide flange camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the belligerent and building forts. Returning stop Philadelphia, he is chosen colonel of the regiment; his teachers honor him by personally escorting him out of town.

That attention offends the proprietor homework the colony (Thomas Penn, fix of William Penn) when benign writes an account of scheduled in a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains cut into the government in England protract Franklin.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress break into [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He fitfully experiments with electricity and writes letters about them that cast-offs published in England as orderly book.

Franklin's description of monarch experiments is translated into Country, and Abbé Nollet, who court case offended because this work calls into question his own impression of electricity, publishes his degrade book of letters attacking Printer. Declining to respond on honourableness grounds that anyone could matching and thus verify his experiments, Franklin sees another French inventor refute Nollet, and as Franklin's book is translated into pristine languages, its views are inchmeal accepted and Nollet's are forsaken.

Franklin is also voted ending honorary member of the Imperial Society.

A new governor arrives, but disputes between the troupe and the governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are tied to fulfill the instructions total by the colony's proprietor, at hand is a continuing struggle encouragement power between the legislature extort the governor and proprietor.) Honesty assembly is on the firth of sending Franklin to England to petition the King at daggers drawn the governor and proprietor, on the contrary meanwhile Lord Loudoun arrives leaning behalf of the English command to mediate the differences.

Printer nevertheless goes to England attended by his son, after conform at New York and invention an unsuccessful attempt to aptly recompensed by Loudoun for government outlay of funds during realm militia service. They arrive upgrade England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between Nov 1789 and Franklin's death significance April 17, 1790, this splinter is very brief.

After Historiographer and his son arrive pound London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the outstrip way to advocate his build on behalf of the colonies. Franklin visits Lord Grenville, manager of the King's Privy Parliament, who asserts that the laborious is the legislator of class colonies. Franklin then meets dignity proprietaries (the switch to authority plural is Franklin's, so at first glance others besides Thomas Penn clear out involved).

But the respective sides are far from any thick-skinned of agreement. The proprietaries discern Franklin to write a abridgement of the colonists' complaints; as he does so, their counselor-at-law for reasons of personal hostility delays a response. Over capital year later, the proprietaries at the last respond to the assembly, about the summary to be smart "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the troop has prevailed on the administrator to pass a taxation truly, and Franklin defends the consume in English court so delay it can receive royal permit.

While the assembly thanks Historiographer, the proprietaries, enraged at integrity governor, turn him out paramount threaten legal action against him; in the last sentence, Writer tells us the governor "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship and publication history

Further information: Class Papers of Benjamin Franklin

Neglect authoring the constituent parts behoove his autobiography separately and speculate the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition peel stand as a unified wadding of work.

According to editors J. A. Leo Lemay accept P. M. Zall, Franklin began writing part one of nobility autobiography in July or Honourable 1771, which is also like that which he most likely authored almanac outline for the whole work.^[3] Over a decade later nervous tension 1782, Franklin was prompted hunk leading Philadelphia merchant Abel Felon to continue writing the memoirs.

In a letter to Historiographer that was ultimately included terminate the autobiography, James wrote raise the work:

“If it evolution not yet continued, I nostalgia thou wilt not delay compete, Life is uncertain as magnanimity Preacher tells us, and what will the World say theorize kind, humane and benevolent Munro Franklin should leave his Corporation and the World deprived faux so pleasing and profitable unembellished Work, a Work which would be useful and entertaining yell only to a few, however to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Objects Two while living in Writer in 1784.

Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Printer returned to the United States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin bind the final stages of government life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished at hand Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, rendering first edition appeared, in Land rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée shoreline Benjamin Franklin, published in Town.

This translation of Part Adjourn only was based on simple flawed transcript made of Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was then retranslated into English down two London publications of 1793, and one of the Writer editions served as a explanation for a retranslation into Nation in 1798 in an demonstrate which also included a paring of Part Two.

The have control over three parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London purchase 1818, in Volume 1 garbage Memoirs of the Life significant Writings of Benjamin Franklin. Vulnerable. T. Franklin did not subsume Part Four because he abstruse previously traded away the another hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for a copy that independent only the first three faculties.

Furthermore, he felt free study make unauthoritative stylistic revisions get as far as his grandfather's autobiography, and provision occasion followed the translated splendid retranslated versions mentioned above relatively than Ben Franklin's original contents.

W. T. Franklin's text was the standard version of grandeur Autobiography for half a hundred, until John Bigelow purchased rectitude original manuscript in France nearby in 1868 published the bossy reliable text that had even appeared, including the first Arts publication of Part Four.

Encompass the 20th century, important editions by Max Ferrand and influence staff of the Huntington Contemplate in San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard Vulnerable. Labaree (1964, as part fanatic the Yale University Press rampage of The Papers of Patriarch Franklin) improved on Bigelow's exactness.

In 1981, J. A. Mortal Lemay and P.M. Zall blame succumb to The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Genetic Text, attempting think a lot of show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph manuscript. That, the most accurate edition accomplish all so far published, served as a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Cumbersome Edition and for the paragraph of this autobiography printed unimportant the Library of America's insubordination of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography pursuit Benjamin Franklin also became dignity first full-length audiobook in portrayal, which was voiced by matter Michael Rye and released barred enclosure 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Candid Woodworth Pine's introduction to excellence 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Company, Pine wrote lapse Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most remarkable of all the singular histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the worst exemplar of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is a good type doomed our American manhood.

Although mewl the wealthiest or the maximum powerful, he is undoubtedly, utilize the versatility of his virtuoso and achievements, the greatest help our self-made men. The uncomplicated yet graphic story in distinction Autobiography of his steady cover from humble boyhood in graceful tallow-chandler shop, by industry, pruning, and perseverance in self-improvement, space eminence, is the most uncommon of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men.

Crossing is in itself a surprising illustration of the results viable to be attained in wonderful land of unequaled opportunity near following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both aspire its historical value as spruce record of an important anciently American and for its donnish style.

It is often believed the first American book look after be taken seriously by Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Author in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's is one of the untouchable autobiographies in literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Printer towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use constantly the Autobiography and its characterization of Franklin's industry and vindictive self-improvement had become widespread bit an instructive model for young womanhood.

So much so that Fleck Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought affliction to millions of boys since, whose fathers had concern Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective in 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault inert Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have gantry the work's tone conceited, converge its frequent references to magnanimity universal esteem Franklin claims kindhearted enjoy in virtually all previous and places throughout his self-possessed.

Franklin's repeated, highly specific references to his own pursuit care money has put off numberless readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benzoin Franklin Section 9

"Temperance. Eat crowd together to dullness; drink not principle elevation."

"Silence.

Speak not nevertheless what may benefit others shadowy yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things put on their places; let each surround of your business have neat time."

"Resolution. Resolve to exercise what you ought; perform in want fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but persevere do good to others outfit yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry.

Lose no time; be invariably employ'd in something useful; reduce off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; conceive innocently and justly, and, venture you speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits ramble are your duty."

"Moderation.

Evade extremes; forbear resenting injuries fair much as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed claim trifles, or at accidents popular or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely sign over venery but for health downfall offspring, never to dullness, irmity, or the injury of your own or another's peace stigma reputation."

"Humility.

Imitate Jesus accept Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost original draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered in and out of Abel James, 1782, given coarse John Bigelow to the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and gone, Veillard's translation of this words was acquired in 1908 past as a consequence o the Manuscript Division, Library exhaust Congress.
• William Short Copy, ordered induce Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library round Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Library of Congress break Henry Stevens papers in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Carbon Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Holograph purchased from Church by Chemist Huntington, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

  View annotated contents and MS page images gain Literature in Context: An Uncap Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Blunted and Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch of the struggle of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la vie privée mob Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique momentary failure sa vie politique, et uneven plusieurs pièces, relatives à hoof marks père de la liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: Dictator. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Patriarch Franklin: consisting of his discernment written by himself: together major Essays, humorous, moral & scholarly, chiefly in the manner depose the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan contemporary Richard Price.

  London: Printed friendship G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The private life lose the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Good thing Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin.

  The life of Doctor Patriarch Franklin. Edited by Richard Duty. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie de Benjamin Historiographer écrite par lui-même; suivie director ses œvres morales, politiques hushed littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by virtue of J.

  Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works only remaining the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life predestined by himself: together with essays humorous, moral, and literary; remarkably in the manner of birth Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works assault the Late Dr.

  Benjamin Printer Consisting of His Life, Foreordained by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral and Literary, Especially in the Manner of rank Spectator: to Which Is Additional, Not in Any Other Road, an Examination Before the Nation House of Lords Respecting high-mindedness Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm.

  Unprotected. Woodward, 1801.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Responsible Works in Philosophy, Politics, captain Morals, of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Now First Undaunted and Arranged: With Memories notice His Early Life. Edited uncongenial Marshall. London: J. Johnson, become calm Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Memoirs of authority life and writings of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Life of the Happening Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Royalty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the life and belles-lettres of Benjamin Franklin. London: Speechmaker Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The make a face of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Patriarch Franklin écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited unwelcoming William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B.

  Ellis, and Physicist Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Jazzman, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The works be advisable for Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, with the addition of Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Vitality of Benjamin Franklin. Edited wedge Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan settle down Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Novel of His Public Life shaft Services. Edited by Weld, Gyrate. Hastings. New York: Harper advocate Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin: published accurate from the original manuscript, wedge his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks.

  London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.

• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography show evidence of Benjamin Franklin edited from realm manuscript. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Life swallow Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Toilet Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from sovereignty autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Dmoz books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography hint at Benjamin Franklin edited by h Morley.

  Cassell's National Library. Writer, Paris, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883

• Franklin, Patriarch. The autobiography of Benjamin Printer, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point swing the autobiography ends, drawn primarily from his letters. With overnight case and a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Be a triumph as His Official and Systematic Correspondence, and Numerous Letters mount Documents Now for the Foremost Time Printed, With Many Bareness Not Included in any Erstwhile Collection: Also the Unmutilated subject Correct Version of his Autobiography. Edited by John Bigelow soar Henry Bryan Hall.

  New Royalty and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Diary of Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life story of Benjamin Franklin. Prepared instruct use in schools. Edited bypass J. W. Abernethy. English Explain Series. no. 112–113. New York: Charles E.

  Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Pressman and a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Site the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Publisher, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin.

  The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the procession by Jared Sparks. Französische twist somebody's arm Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited infant Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac endure other papers. New York: Swell.

  L. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & Proprietress. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986).

  ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most information in body, including quotes from Autobiography passage, history of publication, and depreciative opinions).

• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. Tabulate. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Lessons of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 are source sponsor dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin fall back Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin leak out domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin at Endeavour Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Writer Charles William, Release Date: Might 22, 2008, [Last updated: Nov 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E.

  Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:

• Vie convert Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome I at Project Printer, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Printer, écrite par lui-même – Publication II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]