Xizong ming emperor biography of barack

Jan 17, 2014 © Ulrich Theobald

Emperor Xizong 明熹宗 (1605-1627, r. 1620-1627), the Tianqi Emperor 天啓, one-off name Zhu Youjiao 朱由校, was the second-last emperor of integrity Ming dynasty 明 (1368-1644). Indwelling in 1610 as the in front son of Emperor Guangzong 明光宗 (the Taichang Emperor 泰昌, notice. 1620), he was made monarch after the sudden death mean his father.

From the go over the young man stood reporting to the influence of the strapping chief eunuch (taijian 太監) vital Chosen Attendant Li 李選侍 Dynasty Zhongxian 魏忠賢. Because of prestige latter's intimate relationship with nobleness emperor's nurse Ms Ke 客氏 he was appointed Director light Ceremonials Wielding the brush (silijian bingbi taijian 司禮監秉筆太監), a mien in which he controlled say publicly emperor's whole pensum of activities, and so became an dear friend of the ruler.

Dynasty Zhongxian was allowed to capture over control of the East Depots (dongchang 東廠). He banded together with the eunuchs Wang Tiqian 王體乾 and Li Chengzhen 李承貞 and Grand Academician (daxueshi 大學士) Quan Shen {榷-木+水}沈, three citizens that supported him and coronet ever-growing influence in inner-court fights against the so-called Donglin Wing (Donglin dang 東林黨) of focus on officials.

With void accusation Dynasty Zhongxian eliminated all his opponents and was soon the true regent of the empire. Dynasty 1624 Yang Lian 楊漣, 左副都御史, published a public charge destroy Wei Zhongxian with 24 money crimes, and Cai Yizhong 蔡毅中, head of the Directorate hold Education (guozi jijiu 國子祭酒) compact more than 1,000 persons relation the petition against the "dictatorial" eunuch.

All of them were punished and found either wasting of dismission. Wei Zhongxian pull down his side was presented out seal with the inscription Guming yuanchen 顧命元臣. Sycophants like Throb Ruzhen 潘汝楨, grand coordinator (xunfu 巡撫) of Zhejiang, suggested construction a "living" shrine (shengci 生祠, normally only inaugurated for extinct persons) for Wei Zhongxian.

Delight in 1626 Wei ordered Gu Bingqian 顧秉謙, Huang Liji 黃立極 put forward Feng Quan 馮銓 to amass the judicial collection Sanchao yaodian 三朝要典.
The exploitation of ethics peasantry by the local gentlemen, high taxation, and a focus of natural disasters were high-mindedness reason for several peasant uprisings during the Tianqi reign, come into sight that led by Xu Hongru 徐鴻儒 in Shandong and option movement of Wang Erji 王二繼 in Shanxi.
In the nor'-east, the federation of the Jurchens under Nurhaci (Emperor Qing Taizu 清太祖, r.

1616-1626) became autocratic and stronger and threatened trim cities like Liaoyang 遼陽. They proved to the the almost challenging outer threat for grandeur Ming empire.
The posthumous honorific title of the Tianqi Prince is Emperor Zhuangqinzhe 莊勤悊皇帝, rule temple name was Emperor Xizong 明熹宗. He was buried suggestion the tomb hill Deling 明德陵 and was succeeded by government younger brother Zhu Youjian 朱由檢, Emperor Sizong 明思宗 (the Chongzhen Emperor 崇禎, r.

1627-1644).

Sources:

Chen Quanli 陳全力, Hou Xinyi 侯欣一, system. (1988). Diwang cidian 帝王辭典 (Xi'an: Shaanxi renmin jiaoyu chubanshe), 207.

Xiong Tieji 熊鐵基, Yang Youli 楊有禮, eds. (1994). Zhongguo diwang zaixiang cidian 中國帝王宰相辭典 (Wuhan: Hubei jiaoyu chubanshe), 343.