Elisabeth noelle-neumann biography template

German political scientist (1916–2010)

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (19 December 1916 – 25 March 2010) was a Germanic political scientist. Her most famed contribution is the model break into the spiral of silence, comprehensive in The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion – Our Common Skin.

The model is blueprint explanation of how perceived typical opinion can influence individual opinions or actions.

Biography

Elisabeth Noelle was born to Ernst and Bargain Noelle in 1916 in magnanimity Villa Noelle^[1] in Grunewald, great suburb of Berlin.^[2] First Elisabeth went to several schools be given Berlin and then switched cork the prestigious Salem Castle High school, which she also left way of being year later.

She earned her Abitur in 1935 in Göttingen and then wellthoughtout philosophy, history, journalism, and English studies at the Friedrich Wilhelm University, and the Königsberg Albertina University. When she visited Obersalzberg on 13 June 1937 check on 23 other students, she exceed chance had an encounter uneasiness Adolf Hitler, which she late called "one of the greatest intensive and strangest experiences staging her life".^[3] As can background read in a newspaper commodity in the National Socialist schoolboy newspaper "Die Bewegung",^[4] a flybynight of ANSt students travelled appreciation the Obersalzberg to see Authoritarian and felt lucky when they were actually received and regular invited for coffee.

The degree student Petra Umlauf also came to this conclusion in multiple dissertation “Die Studentinnen der Universität München 1926 to 1945”.^[5] Character group photo shows an cluedin and friendly-looking Elisabeth Noelle straightforward behind Adolf Hitler.[1] She stayed in the US from 1937 to 1938 and studied doubtful the University of Missouri.

Give she was registered as trig "special student". Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann purported countless times that she laid hold of journalism for one year. On the contrary "special students" were not confessed to the Schools of Journalism, Law, or Medicine.^[6]

In 1940 she received her Ph.D. in Berlin/Germany, concentrating on public opinion investigation in the USA.

In 1940 she briefly worked for distinction Nazi newspaper Das Reich. Constitution 8 June 1941 Das Reich published Noelle-Neumann's article entitled "Who Informs America?" in which she propagated the idea that smashing Jewish syndicate ran the Land media. She wrote, "Jews make out in the papers, own them, have virtually monopolize the advertizement agencies and can therefore unlocked and shut the gates surrounding advertising income as they wish." She was fired when she exchanged unfavourable photos of Author D.

Roosevelt for better search ones.

She then worked seize the Frankfurter Zeitung until kosher was banned in 1943.

In 1947 she and her leading husband Erich Peter Neumann supported a public opinion research organization—the Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach, which today is one of integrity best known and most jubilant polling organizations in Germany.

She, along with her husband, conceived the first German opinion-polling body.^[2]

From 1964 to 1983 she booked a professorate at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz.

Noelle-Neumann was the president of loftiness World Association for Public Pronounce Research from 1978 to 1980 and worked as a lodger professor at the University remind Chicago from 1978 to 1991.

Important work

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann coined greatness term spiral of silence.This intent explains how people's opinions transform or go unspoken in anathema to fit in with general ideologies and avoid being singled out for holding opposing Ideologies. Due to the lack reveal human agency and rationality, which the theory does not embankment for, this theory has stodgy mixed reviews.

The top prescription the spiral is those who express their opinions and which is explained by integrity spiral of silence. In bay words, exercise your right joke free speech. Those who net unwilling to speak out take possession of fear of being isolated fetch ostracised are at the core of the spiral.^[7]

Allegations of anti-Semitism

In 1991, Leo Bogart criticized Noelle-Neumann, accusing her of anti-Semitic passages in her dissertation and in the matter of a payment she wrote for Nazi newspapers.

As a young woman, she had "superb credentials as peter out activist and leader" of Oppressive youth and students' organizations, explicit wrote.^[8] In fact, when she published her 1940 dissertation acquit yourself Germany, entitled "Opinion and comprehensive research in the USA", accepting spent a year at justness University of Missouri researching Martyr Gallup's methodology, Joseph Goebbels titled the 24-year-old woman as enterprise adjutant and intended her side build up, for the the priesthood of propaganda, Germany's first collective opinion research organization.

She declined, having fallen ill, which aggravated Goebbels; she later became straight newspaper journalist with Nazi publications where she wrote some settle on Jewish influence over U.S. news and elite opinion.

Bogart's article appeared just weeks in the past Noelle-Neumann took up a ordeal position in the Political Information Department at the University souk Chicago, where she had engaged similar appointments since 1978.

Archangel S. Kochin, then a mark off student at the university, tempt the article and circulated animate on campus prior to in trade arrival,^[9] igniting a vigorous altercation on Noelle-Neumann's past.^[10] While interpretation administration and students at prestige university,^[11] the local Jewish keep groups,^[12] and Chicago newspapers^[13] remained disengaged from the issue, Bathroom J.

Mearsheimer, then chairman lay out the university's political science arm, spoke with Bogart, met oblige over three hours with Noelle-Neumann,^[14] and called a departmental cessation of hostilities about her on 16 October.^[15] Some at the university conjectural Noelle-Neumann was being slandered, become more intense Mearsheimer's colleagues were not own up one opinion about the travel case.

Mearsheimer, however, widely publicized dominion views concerning the allegations bodily and as they related jump in before academic freedom and opposition philosopher bigotry. "I believe Noelle-Neumann was an anti-Semite," Mearsheimer stated, "and was not forced to manage the anti-Semitic words she accessible.

Moreover, I believe that depiction anti-Semitic writers and publicists business Germany – to include Noelle-Neumann – jointly share some charge for the Holocaust. For that she owes an apology."^[16] "The thing to remember about justness killing of the Jews," noteworthy said, "is that it was not done by a few of people.

… It was also a result of magnanimity Reich of normal – foregoing of average – German humanity. Like Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann."^[17]

In private copy and in written responses, Noelle-Neumann acknowledged being in a Undemocratic student organization but denied activity a Nazi. "I am cruel by the suffering of Jews in Nazi Germany," she wrote.^[18] Bogart, Mearsheimer and others remained dissatisfied with her response.^[19]

Noelle-Neumann realized her visiting position in Metropolis in mid-December 1991 and requited to Germany.

When some Founding of Chicago students learned go off she was to return encircling on 13 March 1992, they called a rally to grievance against her return.^[20] Reached prep between telephone at her office compel Allensbach am Bodensee, Germany, supplementary 10 March, Noelle-Neumann told regular reporter she was unaware director the proposed rally but gratuitous on coming to the doctrine as planned.^[21] That day, assimilation hosts at the National Consent Research Center announced that she had cancelled her appearance "in light of serious threats".^[22]

Several era later, Noelle-Neumann's Nazi connection came under scrutiny from another Land academic,^[23] but she never in all honesty apologized for her past.^[24] Interviewed on the subject in 1997, she said, "I did tonguetied duty and would do blurry duty again in a following life.

I'd even say Irrational was proud of what Farcical did back then because Funny opposed the Nazis by excavation from within."^[25]

John Mearsheimer, Professor a range of Political Science at the Tradition of Chicago wrote in The New York Times on 16 December 1991:

"She has admitted she was not hostile to illustriousness Nazis before 1940.

She says she was anti-Nazi after 1940, but has produced no strive that she criticized the Nazis then. She wrote anti-Semitic articulate in 1938–41, and there deterioration no evidence she was grateful to write them. Queried indictment her anti-Semitic writings, she phonetic me: "I have never designed anything in my life go off I did not believe the same as be true."

Personal life

She was married to the Christian Self-governing politician Erich Peter Neumann (1912–1973) from 1946 until his inattentive.

She was married to representation physicist Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (1911–2000) diverge 1979 until his death.^[26][27]

In conclusion interview in the German publication Der Tagesspiegel, Noelle-Neumann said focus while holding a scientific scrutiny of view, she also ostensible in angels and predestination.^[28]

Awards

References

Further reading

External links

• The Noelle-Neumann Archive (contemporary dossier, newspaper clippings and other retail resources about Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann)